Version 2.77

Description

DNA methylation is essential during embryonic development, and patterns of DNA methylation are generally transmitted to daughter cells with a high fidelity. In cancer, aberrant DNA methylation patterns are found in two distinct forms: hypermethylation and hypomethylation. Hypermethylation is one of the major epigenetic modifications that repress transcription via the promoter region of tumor suppressor genes. Hypermethylation typically occurs at CpG islands in the promoter region and is associated with gene inactivation. Hypomethylation, linked to chromosomal instability and loss of imprinting, arises earlier and occurs throughout the progression of cancer.

More specifically, methylated DNA can bind to methyl-CpG-binding domain proteins (MBDs), which recruit additional proteins such as histone deacetylases and other chromatin remodeling proteins that modify histones to form compact, inactive chromatin, termed silent chromatin. Loss of methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) has been implicated in Rett syndrome; and methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 (MBD2) mediates the transcriptional silencing of hypermethylated genes in cancer. Research has suggested that long-term memory storage in humans may be regulated by DNA methylation. Copyright Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details. Source: Wikipedia, Wikipedia

Basic Part Properties

Part Display Name
gene methylation
Part Type
Fragments For Synonyms
Created On
2011-05-23

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