The efficient use of documents from heterogeneous computer systems is hampered by differences in document-naming practices across organizations. Using an open-consensus method, the Document Ontology Task Force, with support from the Veterans Health Administration, addressed this pervasive problem by developing a clinical document ontology. Based on the analysis of over 2000 clinical document names, the ontology was used to formulate a terminology model which is currently being used to guide the creation of fully-specified document names in LOINC (Logical Observations, Identifiers, Names and Codes). Incorporation into LOINC will enable homogeneous management of documents in a widely distributed environment and will also give rise to a rich polyhierarchy of document names.