Solid-phase extraction (SPE) and a one-step derivatization are combined with gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization-mass spectrometry to simplify a previously reported method for the determination of naltrexone and its metabolite, 6-beta-naltrexol, in human plasma. Deuterated isotopomers of naltrexone and 6-beta-naltrexol are used as internal standards. After SPE, the extracts are derivatized with pentafluoropropionic anhydride at room temperature to form predominantly the bispentafluoropropionyl derivative of naltrexone and the trispentafluoropropionyl derivative of 6-beta-naltrexol. The derivatized extracts are analyzed by monitoring ion currents at m/z 633 (naltrexone), m/z 636 (naltrexone-2H3), m/z 633 6-beta-naltrexol), and m/z 640 (6-beta-naltrexol-2H7). Control plasma samples containing 0.3, 3, or 30 ng/nl of each analyte were analyzed for precision and accuracy with the following results: intra-assay, the percentage of target concentrations were 107-113% for naltrexone and 107-120% for 6-beta-naltrexol, and the coefficients of variation (CVs) were 3.1-6.3% for naltrexone and 3.1-5.7% for 6-beta-naltrexol; interassay, the percentage of target concentrations were 103-110% for naltrexone and 110-113% for 6-beta-naltrexol, and the CVs were 6.1-9.1% for naltrexone and 5.9-9.1% for 6-beta-naltrexol. At the limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.1 ng/ml, both analytes quantified within 20% of the target concentration with CVs less than 17%. The extraction recoveries determined at 0.3 and 30 ng/ml were 79 and 80% for naltrexone and 76 and 75% for 6-beta-naltrexol. Bench-top stability tested with concentrations of 0.3 and 3.0 ng/ml did not decrease more than 10% from the zero-hour controls at 3, 6 and 24 h. Selectively was determined using plasma from six donors and none showed interfering peaks greater than 22% of the LOQ for naltrexone and 53% of the LOQ for 6-beta-naltrexol. Using this method, naltrexone and 6-beta-naltrexol were readily detected in plasma specimens collected 5.5 h after oral doses of 25 or 100 mg naltrexone. Following discontinuation of treatment, naltrexone was detected 30 h after the 100-mg dose, whereas 6-beta-naltrexol was detected 125 h after both the 25- and 100-mg doses.