88722-4

Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype [Type] in Isolate

Active

Part Descriptions

LP14410-2   Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pneumoniae are gram-positive cocci that are nonmotile and nonsporulating and usually require complex culture media. Older streptococcal cultures, beyond the most active growth period (the logarithmic phase), sometimes lose their gram-positive staining characteristics. S. pneumoniae are part of the normal respiratory tract flora. Disease usually results due to the acquisition of a new strain following a change in the normal flora, often due to a preceding virus. S. pneumonaie causes otitis media, sinusitis and pneumonia in the middle ear, sinuses or lungs, respectively. Meningitis can occur by bloodstream invasion from the lungs or by extension of otitis media or sinusitis to the meninges. Bacteremia can result in osteomyelitis (infection of bones) or arthritis (of joints). Most bacterial pneumonia occurring after the neonatal period is caused by S. pneumoniae. Pneumococcal pneumonia is seen most commonly in elderly or immunosuppressed individuals. In the United States, it is most prevalent in winter. Diagnosis is usually based on a sputum Gram stain and culture although blood or cerebrospinal fluid may be cultured. While penicillin has been the standard treatment, some strains have proven resistant to penicillin and multiple antibiotics. A vaccine exists. [NCBI Books:NBK7611] Source: Regenstrief LOINC

LP253527-8   Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype
Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important human pathogen whose virulence is based primarily on its polysaccharide capsule, which protects it by shielding it from the immune system. Over time, study of the polysaccharide capsule has identified multiple serogroups and serotypes. Serotypes are defined based on the chemical structure and immunologic properties of the polysaccharide, and each serogroup contains one or more serotypes that elicit the same antibody response. Over time, two parallel serogroup and serotype naming systems arose, one in the U.S. and one in Denmark, but more recently, the Danish naming system is the one that has been widely adopted, including in the U.S. Beginning with the June 2017 release, LOINC adopted the Danish numbering system in the Component for all pneumococcal terms.
Out of more than 90 serotypes identified to date, only a third have been implicated in invasive disease, and there is also an association between specific serotypes, patient age, and mortality rate. For example, serotypes 1 and 5 are associated with invasive disease, and historically, serogroups 6, 14, 18, and 19 were more common among young children while serotype 3 was more common in the elderly. Vaccines have changed the prevalence of different serotypes and serogroups. Pneumococcal vaccines target the serotypes that are commonly implicated in human disease, and over time, the number of targeted serotypes have increased from 7 to 23. While widespread vaccination has significantly decreased the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by the serotypes covered by those vaccines, it has also caused a change in serotype prevalence in that strains that were rare are becoming more common. Therefore, determining the specific serotype responsible for new cases is important for epidemiologic tracking and future vaccine development.
PMID: 26085553 Source: Regenstrief LOINC

Fully-Specified Name

Component

Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype

Property

Type

Time

Pt

System

Isolate

Scale

Nom

Method

Additional Names

Short Name

S pneum Sertyp Islt

Display Name

S. pneumoniae serotype Nom (Isol)

Consumer Name Alpha Get Info

Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype

Preferred Answer List: LL4346-4

Basic Attributes

Class

MICRO

Type

Laboratory

First Released

Version 2.64

Last Updated

Version 2.64

Order vs. Observation

Both

Language Variants Get Info

Related Names

• ID
• Infectious Disease
• InfectiousDisease
• Islt
• Isol
• Microbiology
• Nominal
• Pneu
• pneum
• Pneumo
• Pneumococ
• Pneumococcal
• Pneumococcal pneumonia
• Pneumococcus
• Pneumon
• Pneumonia
• Point in time
• Random
• S pneum serotype
• S pneumo
• S pneumoniae
• Sertyp
• Spn
• Strep
• Strept
• Typ

LOINC Terminology Service (API) using HL7^® FHIR^® Get Info

Requests to this service require a free LOINC username and password. Below is a sample of the possible capabilities. See the LOINC Terminology Service documentation for more information.

CodeSystem lookup

https://fhir.loinc.org/CodeSystem/$lookup?system=http://loinc.org&code=88722-4

Third Party Copyright

This material includes SNOMED Clinical Terms® (SNOMED CT®) which is used by permission of the International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation (IHTSDO) under license. All rights reserved. SNOMED CT® was originally created by The College of American Pathologists. "SNOMED" and "SNOMED CT" are registered trademarks of the IHTSDO.

This material includes content from the US Edition to SNOMED CT, which is developed and maintained by the U.S. National Library of Medicine and is available to authorized UMLS Metathesaurus Licensees from the UTS Downloads site at https://uts.nlm.nih.gov.

Use of SNOMED CT content is subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the SNOMED CT Affiliate License Agreement. It is the responsibility of those implementing this product to ensure they are appropriately licensed and for more information on the license, including how to register as an Affiliate Licensee, please refer to http://www.snomed.org/snomed-ct/get-snomed-ct or info@snomed.org<mailto:info@snomed.org>. This may incur a fee in SNOMED International non-Member countries.

LOINC Copyright

Copyright © 2024 Regenstrief Institute, Inc. All Rights Reserved. To the extent included herein, the LOINC table and LOINC codes are copyright © 1995-2024, Regenstrief Institute, Inc. and the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) Committee. See https://loinc.org/license for the full LOINC copyright and license.