LP14836-8

Human papilloma virus

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Descriptions

A group of about 30 HPVs, typically transmitted through sexual contact. Genital HPV infection is very common, with estimates suggesting that up to 75% of women will become infected with one or more of the sexually transmitted HPV types at some point during adulthood (Baseman and Koutsky, 2005). Some sexually transmitted HPVs, such as types 6 and 11, can cause genital warts. However, most HPV types that infect the genitals tend not to cause noticeable symptoms. Persistent infection with a subset of about a dozen so-called high-risk sexually transmitted HPVs, including types 16,18,31, and 33, can lead to the development of anogenital cancers, including cervical, penile and anal. HPV infection is a necessary factor in the development of nearly all cases of cervical cancer (Walboomers 1999). Cervical Pap smear testing is used to detect HPV-induced cellular abnormalities. This allows targeted surgical removal of pre-cancerous lesions prior to the development of invasive cervical cancer. Copyright Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details. Source: Wikipedia, Human papilloma virus (Wikipedia)

The human papilloma viruses (HPVs) belong to the family Papillomaviridae, which are small, nonenveloped deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) viruses. The HPV genome includes DNA sequences for six early (E1, E2, E4, E5, E6, and E7) and two late (L1 and L2) proteins. There are more than 100 types of HPV. The viruses can be classified into high and low risk types based on their ability to cause cancer. HPV is most often transmitted sexually but has been know to spread during nonsexual encounters and even rarely through fomites. At least 40 HPV types can infect the genital area. Most sexually active persons become infected with HPV at least once. HPV types 16 and 18 are oncogenic, high risk and cause most cervical, penile, vulvar, vaginal, anal and oropharyngeal cancers and precancers. Non oncogenic, low-risk HPV types (e.g., 6, 11) cause genital warts and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Since subclinical genital HPV infection generally clears spontaneously, treatment is only directed to the macroscopic (e.g., genital warts) or pathologic HPV-caused precancerous lesions. Cervical cancer is the only HPV-associated cancer for which routine screening is recommended. Vaccines are available to protect against oncogenic as well as common nononcogenic types. PMID: 27127735 [CDC:std/tg2015/hpv] [CDC:std/tg2015/hpv-cancer] Source: Regenstrief LOINC

Reference Information

Basic Part Properties

Part Display Name

Human papilloma virus

Part Type

Component (Describes the core component or analyte measured)

Created On

2000-05-04

Construct for LOINC Short Name

HPV

Related Codes

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