LP15394-7

Antithrombin

Active

Descriptions

Antithrombin is a small molecule that inactivates several enzymes of the coagulation system. It is a glycoprotein produced by the liver. Copyright Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details. Source: Wikipedia, Antithrombin (Wikipedia)

Antithrombin is a natural inhibitor of thrombin as well as factors Xa, IXa, XIa, XIIa, and kallikrein. Heparan sulfate is naturally located in vivo on the endothelial cell surface. Antithrombin deficiency is present in 0.17% of the general population. It accounts for 1.1% of unselected patients with venous thrombosis and up to 5% of patients younger than 70 years with thrombosis. Over 127 mutations in the antithrombin gene are known to cause hereditary antithrombin deficiency. Individuals heterozygous for antithrombin deficiency have a fivefold increased risk for venous thrombosis. Homozygous deficiencies are incompatible with life, except for patients with type II deficiency due to heparin-binding mutations. Heterozygotes generally have antithrombin levels between 45-75%, although levels as high as 78% have been observed. The risk for thrombosis is further increased in the presence of a second risk factor. The age at onset of thrombosis is usually between 10-50 years (peak 15-35 years) in heterozygotes. The risk of arterial thrombosis remains uncertain, but 2% of individuals developed arterial thrombosis in one study. Information from Jacobs and DeMott Laboratory Test Handbook, 5th edition. Source: Regenstrief Institute

Antithrombin and antithrombin III refer to the same thing but today, however, antithrombin is the correct name. Antithrombin is a small glycoprotien, produced in the liver that inactivates several enzymes of the coagulation system including thrombin as well as factors Xa, IXa, XIa, XIIa, and kallikrein. Heparan sulfate (heparin), located on endothelial cells, binds to antithrombin causing a conformational change that results in its activation. Antithrombin deficiency is present in 0.17% of the general population. It accounts for 1.1% of unselected patients with venous thrombosis and up to 5% of patients younger than 70 years with thrombosis. Over 127 mutations in the antithrombin gene are known to cause hereditary antithrombin deficiency. Individuals heterozygous for antithrombin deficiency have a fivefold increased risk for venous thrombosis. Homozygous deficiencies are usually fatal. Source: Regenstrief Help

Basic Part Properties

Part Display Name

Antithrombin

Part Type

Component (Describes the core component or analyte measured)

Created On

2000-05-04

Construct for LOINC Short Name

AT III

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