22824-7
Influenza virus A Ab [Titer] in Serum by Hemagglutination inhibition
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Part Descriptions
LP14239-5 Influenza virus A
Influenza viruses, from the family Orthomyxoviridae, are enveloped negative-strand RNA viruses with segmented genomes containing seven to eight gene segments. Of the five genera in the family, only influenza A virus (IAV), influenza B and C are medically relevant to humans. Aquatic birds harboring avian IAV are the likely natural reservoir for all known IAV subtypes and are probably the original source of all human pandemic IAV strains. IAV maintained in wild birds have been associated with stable host switch events to novel hosts, including most often to domestic poultry but also to horses, swine, toothed whales and humans. The influenza virus life cycle begins with the binding of viral HA to host cell receptors. Endocytosis and HA-mediated fusion of the viral and cellular membranes occurs. Viral ribonucleoprotein complexes are released into the cytoplasm, travel to the nucleus, then are replicated and transcribed by the viral polymerase complex. The new viruses are formed and bud when the newly formed ribonucleicprotein complexes and structural proteins reach the plasma membrane. Further research is needed to better understand how IAVs switch hosts and the viral genetic changes that underlie human adaptation. IAV causes respiratory infections in humans ranging from asymptomatic to fatal. Pandemics are attributed to "novel" viruses which possess a viral hemagglutinin (HA) to which humans do not have immunity. PMID: 20542248 ] PMID: 25812763
Influenza viruses A and B are single-stranded RNA enveloped viruses belonging to the Orthomyxoviridae family. The symptoms of infection of Influenza A and B include fever, cough, sore throat, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, headache, myalgia and malaise. Some patients may experience gastrointestinal symptoms including watery diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain. The influenza viruses spread rapidly in enclosed spaces with a documented rate of infection of 70% following a common source of exposure. Infection occurs in the respiratory epithelium in both the upper and lower respiratory tract, and the virus can be found in many specimen types, including nasal aspirates, nasal or nasopharyngeal swabs, throat swabs, sputum and tracheal aspirates. When infection rates reach epidemic proportions, hospitalization of children and elderly patients rises as does the mortality rates of elderly patients.(Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 11th edition, James H. Jorgensen; Karen C. Carroll; Guido Funke; Michael A Pfaller; Marie Louise Landry; Sandra S. Richter; David W. Warnock)
Source: Regenstrief LOINC
LP6304-2 HAI
The hemagglutination-inhibition assay (HAI) can be used to identify subtypes of hemagglutinin producing viruses, such as Influenza. HAI can also be used to identify the subtype-specificity of antibodies against the virus. Normally, Influenza's hemagglutinin glycoprotein binds to receptors on the surface of red blood cells, causing them to agglutinate. If antibodies specific to the virus are present in the patient sample, they will bind to the virus, which prevents the virus from binding to the red blood cells and therefore prevents agglutination. To determine which subtype of virus is present, a viral isolate is tested against a series of antibodies with known subtype specificities. Whichever antibody inhibits red cell agglutination identifies the viral subtype. Similarly, antibody specificity is identified by testing the patient sample against known virus subtypes. PMID: 24899416
Source: Regenstrief LOINC
Fully-Specified Name
- Component
- Influenza virus A Ab
- Property
- Titr
- Time
- Pt
- System
- Ser
- Scale
- SemiQn
- Method
- HAI
Additional Names
- Short Name
- FLUAV Ab Titr Ser HAI
- Display Name
- FLUAV Ab HAI (S) [Titer]
- Consumer Name Alpha Get Info
- Influenza A (Flu A) antibody, Blood
Basic Attributes
- Class
- MICRO
- Type
- Laboratory
- First Released
- Version 1.0n
- Last Updated
- Version 2.75
- Order vs. Observation
- Both
Member of these Groups Get Info
| LOINC Group | Group Name |
|---|---|
| LG32757-3 | Influenza virus |
Language Variants Get Info
| Tag | Language | Translation |
|---|---|---|
| es-AR | Spanish (Argentina) | virus Influenza aviario: |
| es-ES | Spanish (Spain) | Virus Influenza A Anticuerpos: Synonyms: Semicuantitativo |
| es-MX | Spanish (Mexico) | Virus de la influenza A Ab: |
| fr-FR | French (France) | Influenza virus A Ac: |
| fr-CA | French (Canada) | Virus de l'influenza A , Ac: |
| it-IT | Italian (Italy) | Influenza A, virus Ab: Synonyms: anticorpo Inibizione dell''emoagglutinazione Microbiologia Punto nel tempo (episodio) Siero Titolo Virus dell''influenza Virus dell''influenza A |
| ko-KR | Korean (Korea, Republic Of) | A형 인플루엔자 바이러스 항체: |
| nl-NL | Dutch (Netherlands) | Influenzavirus A As: Synonyms: antistof; |
| pl-PL | Polish (Poland) | Wirus grypy A Ab: Synonyms: Przeciwciała do wirusa grypy typ A Wirus grypy Wirus grypy typ A |
| pt-BR | Portuguese (Brazil) | Influenza vírus A Ac: Synonyms: ; |
| zh-CN | Chinese (China) | 流感病毒 A 型 抗体: Synonyms: A 型 A 型抗体 A 型流感; |
Example Units
| Unit | Source |
|---|---|
| {titer} | Example UCUM Units |
LOINC Terminology Service (API) using HL7® FHIR® Get Info
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- CodeSystem lookup
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