82720-4

Natural killer cell cytotoxicity panel - Blood mononuclear cells

Active

Term Description

The natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity profile assesses the functionality of natural killer cells and is used to evaluate patients with various conditions, including recurrent herpes viral infections, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and suspected or known monogenic defects. The NK cytotoxicity profile is also used for the evaluation of immune reconstitution post hematopoietic cell transplantation and post immunomodulatory therapy. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are used as the specimen for NK cytotoxicity assays because the cytotoxicity of the MC population is predominantly due to NK cells. In the cytotoxicity assay, samples of the patient's mononuclear cells (called 'effector cells' or E cells') are incubated with labeled target cells ('T cells') in a series of predetermined ratios, for example, 100:1 E to T, 50:1 E to T, 25:1 E to T. Cytotoxicity is measured as the amount of label released when the target cell is destroyed, and the percent cytotoxicity for a given E:T ratio is the ratio of label released when all of the target cells are destroyed using a cell lysis detergent as an experimental control. Several features of the cytotoxicity profile are important, including the maximum cytotoxicity, the relative difference between the maximum and the minimum, and the change in percent cytotoxicity between sequential dilutions. Different patterns of these measures may be associated with different disease processes. Cytotoxicity may also be reported in terms of lytic units [LOINC: 34439-0], meaning the number of E cells needed to lyse a certain number of target cells.
Source: Regenstrief LOINC

Part Description

LP264987-1   Natural killer cell cytotoxicity
Natural killer cells are lymphocytes that identify and lyse tumor cells and cells infected with microbes. The ability of NK cells to recognize cells as foreign is dependent upon inhibitory and activating receptors on the target cells. The inhibitory receptors distinguish between normal and tumor or infected cells by the presence or absence of the major histocompatibility complex class I. The activating receptors are NKp46, NKp30, NKp44 and NKG2D. PMID: 14685277 In addition to their cytolytic function in the innate immune system, NK cells also function to regulate reciprocal interaction with dendritic cells, macrophages, T cells and endothelial cells and thereby affect immune response. PMID: 1842510 Patients that experience recurrent severe herpes infections, primary or secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and suspected or known monogenic defects or patients who have received immune reconstitution post hematopoietic cell transplantation may lack the normal number or functionality of NK cells. The level of NK cell functionality is determined by various methods, including flow cytometry and chrominum-release assays. The chromium-release assay uses titrations of effector cells (that are assumed to be NK cells) that are incubated with the target cells. The level of chromium released by the target cells is then divided by the corrected level of chromium measured in the positive control to assess percent cytotoxicity. The flow cytometric methods measure cell-mediated immunity, particularly based on uptake of 7-amino-actinomycin D (7-AAD) or propidium iodide (PI) and Annexin V binding, to assess percent cytotoxicity of target cells by effector cells. PMID: 11470149 Interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been found to increase the reactivity of NK cells against target cells PMID: 23650441 and is used in some NK cell cytotoxicity assays. Source: Regenstrief LOINC

Panel Hierarchy

Details for each LOINC in Panel LHC-Forms

Fully-Specified Name

Component

Natural killer cell cytotoxicity panel

Property

-

Time

Pt

System

Bld MC

Scale

-

Method

Additional Names

Short Name

NK cytotox Pnl Bld MC

Display Name

NK cell cytotoxicity panel (Bld MC)

Consumer Name Alpha Get Info

NK cell cytotoxicity panel, Blood

Basic Attributes

Class

PANEL.HEM/BC

Type

Laboratory

First Released

Version 2.58

Last Updated

Version 2.64

Order vs. Observation

Order

Panel Type

Panel

Language Variants Get Info

Related Names

• Blood
• HEMATOLOGY/CELL COUNTS
• NK
• NK cytotox Pnl
• Pan
• PANEL.HEMATOLOGY& CELL COUNTS
• Panl
• PBMC
• Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
• Pnl
• Point in time
• Random
• WB
• Whole blood

LOINC Terminology Service (API) using HL7^® FHIR^® Get Info

Requests to this service require a free LOINC username and password. Below is a sample of the possible capabilities. See the LOINC Terminology Service documentation for more information.

CodeSystem lookup

https://fhir.loinc.org/CodeSystem/$lookup?system=http://loinc.org&code=82720-4

Questionnaire definition

https://fhir.loinc.org/Questionnaire/?url=http://loinc.org/q/82720-4

LOINC Copyright

Copyright © 2024 Regenstrief Institute, Inc. All Rights Reserved. To the extent included herein, the LOINC table and LOINC codes are copyright © 1995-2024, Regenstrief Institute, Inc. and the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) Committee. See https://loinc.org/license for the full LOINC copyright and license.