LP64434-1

Cyclooxygenase 2

Active

Description

Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, also known as cyclooxygenase-2 or simply COX-2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTGS2 gene.

Cyclooxygenase-2 is unexpressed under normal conditions in most cells, but elevated levels are found during inflammation. Since COX-2 is generally expressed only in cells where prostaglandins are upregulated (e.g., during inflammation), drug-candidates that selectively inhibit COX-2 are thought to show fewer side-effects.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit prostaglandin production by cyclooxygenases (COX) 1 and 2. NSAIDs selective for inhibition of COX-2 are less likely than traditional drugs to cause gastrointenstinal adverse effects, but could cause cardiovascular events, such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Studies with human pharmacology and genetics, genetically manipulated rodents, and other animal models and randomized trials indicate that this is due to suppression of COX-2-dependent cardioprotective prostaglandins, prostacyclin in particular

NSAID (non-specific inhibitor of COX-2) Flurbiprofen (green) bound to COX-2. Flurbiprofen is stabilized via hydrophobic interactions and polar interactions (Tyr-355 and Arg-120).[19]
The expression of COX-2 is upregulated in many cancers. The overexpression of COX-2 along with increased angiogenesis and GLUT-1 expression is significantly associated with gallbladder carcinomas. Furthermore the product of COX-2, PGH2 is converted by prostaglandin E2 synthase into PGE2, which in turn can stimulate cancer progression. Consequently inhibiting COX-2 may have benefit in the prevention and treatment of these types of cancer.

The mutant allele PTGS2 5939C carriers among the Han Chinese population have been shown to have a higher risk of gastric cancer. In addition, a connection was found between Helicobacter pylori infection and the presence of the 5939C allele. Copyright Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details. Source: Wikipedia , Wikipedia

Basic Part Properties

Part Name

Cyclooxygenase 2

Part Display Name

Cyclooxygenase 2

Part Type

Component (Describes the core component or analyte measured)

Created On

2007-06-18

Construct for LOINC Short Name

COX2

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