5583-0 Arsenic [Mass/volume] in Blood

Part Descriptions

LP16802-8   Arsenic
Arsenic (As, CAS No. 7440-38-2) is a metalloid that exists in both inorganic and organic forms in the environment and is classified as a human carcinogen by the U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) and IARC (International Agency for Research in Cancer). Arsenic levels are naturally higher in certain geographical areas, including regions of Asia, China, Chile, Mexico and United States. PMID: 27894683 Exposure to toxic levels of arsenic, mainly via ingestion of As contaminated water and food, occur in these areas as well as near hazardous waste sites or in the workplace. Chronic exposure to low level of arsenic can cause skin lesions (e.g. melanosis, leucomelanosis, and keratosis), neurological effects, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and cancers typically involving the skin, lung, and bladder. PMID: 19190988 High exposure levels to arsenic can cause death.

Veterinary Medicine:
Arsenic is seldom reported since the concentrations normally found in animal feeds are significantly less than the toxic dietary concentration. If arsenic poisoning occurs, signs of intoxication include reduce feed intake and depressed growth. Some animal species can have convulsions and incoordination followed by posterior paresis and quadriplegia, blindness and decreased hemoglobin. In pigs, cases of arsenic poisoning usually arise from the use of organic arsenical growth-promoting feed additives. Source: Regenstrief LOINC

Type of Entry

Question expects user entry - requires response [Q]

Fully-Specified Name

Component

Arsenic

Property

MCnc

Time

Pt

System

Bld

Scale

Qn

Method

Basic Attributes

Class

DRUG/TOX

Type

Laboratory

First Released

Version 1.0

Last Updated

Version 2.73 (MIN)

Order vs. Observation

Both

Common Test Rank Get Info

2408

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Related Names

• AS
• Blood
• DRUG/TOXICOLOGY
• Drugs
• Level
• Mass concentration
• Point in time
• QNT
• Quan
• Quant
• Quantitative
• Random
• UniversalLabOrders
• WB
• Whole blood

Example Units

5609-3 Cadmium [Mass/volume] in Blood

Part Descriptions

LP16810-1   Cadmium
Cadmium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Cd and atomic number 48. A relatively rare, soft, bluish-white, toxic transition metal, cadmium occurs with zinc ores and is used largely in batteries. Copyright Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details. Source: Wikipedia, Cadmium (Wikipedia)

LP16810-1   Cadmium
Chronic Cadmium toxicity causes Fanconi Syndrome and osteomalacia. Increased beta 2 microglobulin in urine is sign of renal damage from cadmium toxicity.

Veterinary Medicine:
Pigs exposed to dietary cadmium develop a microcytic-hypochromic anemia. The hematocrit value has been recommended as the most sensitive indicator of toxicity in this species, and administration of iron helps prevent the anemia-inducing effects. Source: Regenstrief Institute

Type of Entry

Question expects user entry - requires response [Q]

Fully-Specified Name

Component

Cadmium

Property

MCnc

Time

Pt

System

Bld

Scale

Qn

Method

Basic Attributes

Class

DRUG/TOX

Type

Laboratory

First Released

Version 1.0

Last Updated

Version 2.73 (MIN)

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Both

Common Test Rank Get Info

2739

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• Blood
• CD
• DRUG/TOXICOLOGY
• Drugs
• Level
• Mass concentration
• Point in time
• QNT
• Quan
• Quant
• Quantitative
• Random
• UniversalLabOrders
• WB
• Whole blood

Example Units

5619-2 Chromium [Mass/volume] in Blood

Part Descriptions

LP16812-7   Chromium
Chromium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Cr and atomic number 24. Copyright Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details. Source: Wikipedia, Chromium (Wikipedia)

LP16812-7   Chromium
A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. Source: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006

Fully-Specified Name

Component

Chromium

Property

MCnc

Time

Pt

System

Bld

Scale

Qn

Method

Basic Attributes

Class

DRUG/TOX

Type

Laboratory

First Released

Version 1.0

Last Updated

Version 2.75 (MIN)

Order vs. Observation

Both

Common Test Rank Get Info

8539

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• Blood
• c609
• Chrome
• CR
• DRUG/TOXICOLOGY
• Drugs
• Level
• Mass concentration
• Point in time
• QNT
• Quan
• Quant
• Quantitative
• Random
• UniversalLabOrders
• WB
• Whole blood

Example Units

12556-7 Copper [Mass/volume] in Blood

Part Descriptions

LP16814-3   Copper
Copper (symbol Cu, from Latin cuprum) is a heavy metal with an atomic number of 29 and atomic weight of 63.55. It is a ductile metal with excellent electrical conductivity. It was extensively used as an electrical conductor, building material, and component of various alloys. It is an essential nutrient to all higher plants and animals where it is found primarily as a cofactor in various enzymes, and in copper-based pigments. In high amounts, copper can be poisonous or even fatal. Copyright Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details. Source: Wikipedia, Copper (Wikipedia)

LP16814-3   Copper
Copper analysis is used to diagnose toxicity and metabolism disorders, such as Wilson's disease and Menkes syndrome.

Veterinary Medicine:
Copper sulphate is often added to pig feed to improve weight gain. If the feed is not uniformily mixed, pigs may be exposed to toxic levels of copper. The first indication of toxicity is a rise in blood copper concentration. The primary clinical signs include jaundice, dullness, weakness, anemia, trembling and respiratory distress. Source: Regenstrief LOINC

Fully-Specified Name

Component

Copper

Property

MCnc

Time

Pt

System

Bld

Scale

Qn

Method

Basic Attributes

Class

DRUG/TOX

Type

Laboratory

First Released

Version 1.0j-a

Last Updated

Version 2.73 (MIN)

Order vs. Observation

Both

Common Test Rank Get Info

7892

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Related Names

• Blood
• Cu
• DRUG/TOXICOLOGY
• Drugs
• Level
• Mass concentration
• Point in time
• QNT
• Quan
• Quant
• Quantitative
• Random
• WB
• Whole blood

Example Units

5671-3 Lead [Mass/volume] in Blood

Part Descriptions

LP14259-3   Lead
Lead is toxic to many organs and tissues including the heart, bones, intestines, kidneys, and reproductive and nervous systems. It interferes with the development of the nervous system and is particularly toxic to children, causing potentially permanent learning and behavior disorders. Symptoms include abdominal pain, confusion, headache, anemia, irritability, and in severe cases seizures, coma, and death. Routes of exposure include contaminated air, water, soil, food, and consumer products. Occupational exposure is a common cause of lead poisoning in adults. The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) estimates that more than 3 million workers in the United States are potentially exposed to lead in the workplace. One of the largest threats to children is lead paint that exists in many older homes. Blood lead levels screen for lead poisoning and monitor treatment as well. The Centers for Disease Control (US) has set the standard elevated blood lead level for adults to be 10 µg/dl of the whole blood. For children the number is set much lower at 5 µg/dl of blood as of 2012 down from a previous 10 µg/dl. The major treatments are removal of the source of lead and chelation therapy. [Wikipedia: Lead_poisoning] Both capillary and venous blood specimens are used for lead testing and they have different reference ranges, so it is important to distinguish the specimen type for both clinical and public health reporting. Capillary samples are more likely to be contaminated by environmental residues present on the skin. Venous blood collected using evacuated tubes and needles certified as lead-free is preferred (NCCLS.2001), however obtaining venous samples from pediatric patients may be be difficult, capillary blood from a finger puncture may be used for screening purposes. If an elevated lead level is detected in capillary blood, a second test on a venous sample is necessary. Copyright Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details. Source: Wikipedia, Lead poisoning

Type of Entry

Question expects user entry - requires response [Q]

Fully-Specified Name

Component

Lead

Property

MCnc

Time

Pt

System

Bld

Scale

Qn

Method

Basic Attributes

Class

DRUG/TOX

Type

Laboratory

First Released

Version 1.0

Last Updated

Version 2.73 (MIN)

Change Reason

Discouraged as a more specific specimen should be selected because reference ranges for venous and capillary blood are different. Added Demographics Panel.

Order vs. Observation

Both

Common Test Rank Get Info

910

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Related Names

• Blood
• DRUG/TOXICOLOGY
• Drugs
• Level
• Mass concentration
• Painter's colic
• PB
• Plumbism
• Point in time
• QNT
• Quan
• Quant
• Quantitative
• Random
• UniversalLabOrders
• WB
• Whole blood

Example Units

77307-7 Lead [Mass/volume] in Venous blood

Part Descriptions

LP14259-3   Lead
Lead is toxic to many organs and tissues including the heart, bones, intestines, kidneys, and reproductive and nervous systems. It interferes with the development of the nervous system and is particularly toxic to children, causing potentially permanent learning and behavior disorders. Symptoms include abdominal pain, confusion, headache, anemia, irritability, and in severe cases seizures, coma, and death. Routes of exposure include contaminated air, water, soil, food, and consumer products. Occupational exposure is a common cause of lead poisoning in adults. The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) estimates that more than 3 million workers in the United States are potentially exposed to lead in the workplace. One of the largest threats to children is lead paint that exists in many older homes. Blood lead levels screen for lead poisoning and monitor treatment as well. The Centers for Disease Control (US) has set the standard elevated blood lead level for adults to be 10 µg/dl of the whole blood. For children the number is set much lower at 5 µg/dl of blood as of 2012 down from a previous 10 µg/dl. The major treatments are removal of the source of lead and chelation therapy. [Wikipedia: Lead_poisoning] Both capillary and venous blood specimens are used for lead testing and they have different reference ranges, so it is important to distinguish the specimen type for both clinical and public health reporting. Capillary samples are more likely to be contaminated by environmental residues present on the skin. Venous blood collected using evacuated tubes and needles certified as lead-free is preferred (NCCLS.2001), however obtaining venous samples from pediatric patients may be be difficult, capillary blood from a finger puncture may be used for screening purposes. If an elevated lead level is detected in capillary blood, a second test on a venous sample is necessary. Copyright Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details. Source: Wikipedia, Lead poisoning

Fully-Specified Name

Component

Lead

Property

MCnc

Time

Pt

System

BldV

Scale

Qn

Method

Basic Attributes

Class

DRUG/TOX

Type

Laboratory

First Released

Version 2.52

Last Updated

Version 2.73 (MIN)

Change Reason

Added Demographics Panel.

Order vs. Observation

Both

Common Test Rank Get Info

1798

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Related Names

• Bld ven
• Bld venous
• Blood - venous
• Blood ven
• Blood venus
• DRUG/TOXICOLOGY
• Drugs
• Level
• Mass concentration
• Painter's colic
• PB
• Plumbism
• Point in time
• QNT
• Quan
• Quant
• Quantitative
• Random
• Venous

Example Units

5685-3 Mercury [Mass/volume] in Blood

Part Descriptions

LP14344-3   Mercury
Mercury is a naturally occurring metal which has several forms. The metallic mercury is a shiny, silver-white, odorless liquid. If heated, it is a colorless, odorless gas. Mercury combines with other elements, such as chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen, to form inorganic mercury compounds or "salts," which are usually white powders or crystals. Mercury also combines with carbon to make organic mercury compounds. The most common one, methylmercury, is produced mainly by microscopic organisms in the water and soil. More mercury in the environment can increase the amounts of methylmercury that these small organisms make.
Metallic mercury is used to produce chlorine gas and caustic soda, and is also used in thermometers, dental fillings, and batteries. Mercury salts are sometimes used in skin lightening creams and as antiseptic creams and ointments. [CDC: Mercury] Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC: Mercury

LP14344-3   Mercury
The nervous system is very sensitive to all forms of mercury. Methylmercury and metallic mercury vapors are more harmful than other forms, because more mercury in these forms reaches the brain. Exposure to high levels of metallic, inorganic, or organic mercury can permanently damage the brain, kidneys, and developing fetus. Effects on brain functioning may result in irritability, shyness, tremors, changes in vision or hearing, and memory problems. Short-term exposure to high levels of metallic mercury vapors may cause effects including lung damage, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, increases in blood pressure or heart rate, skin rashes, and eye irritation.[CDC: Toxfaqs] Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC: Toxfaqs

Reference Information

Type of Entry

Question expects user entry - requires response [Q]

Fully-Specified Name

Component

Mercury

Property

MCnc

Time

Pt

System

Bld

Scale

Qn

Method

Basic Attributes

Class

DRUG/TOX

Type

Laboratory

First Released

Version 1.0

Last Updated

Version 2.73 (MIN)

Order vs. Observation

Both

Common Test Rank Get Info

2198

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Related Names

• Blood
• DRUG/TOXICOLOGY
• Drugs
• HG
• Level
• Mass concentration
• Point in time
• QNT
• Quan
• Quant
• Quantitative
• Random
• UniversalLabOrders
• WB
• Whole blood

Example Units

5743-0 Thallium [Mass/volume] in Blood

Part Descriptions

LP16837-4   Thallium
Thallium is the chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Tl and atomic number 81. This soft gray malleable poor metal resembles tin but discolors when exposed to air. Thallium is highly toxic and is used in rat poisons and insecticides but since it might also cause cancer (although the EPA does not class it as carcinogen), this use has been cut back or eliminated in many countries. It is also used in infrared detectors. It has even been used in some murders, even earning the nickname Inheritance powder alongside Arsenic. Copyright Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details. Source: Wikipedia, Thallium (Wikipedia)

LP16837-4   Thallium
Thallium is similar to lead and mercury in terms of its toxic properties. Chronic exposure produces alopecia, peripheral neuopathy, seizures, and renal failure. Acute poisoning results in nausea, vomiting, hematemesis, abdominal pain, diarrhea, confusion, coma, and death (in about 10% of patients). Source: Regenstrief Institute

Fully-Specified Name

Component

Thallium

Property

MCnc

Time

Pt

System

Bld

Scale

Qn

Method

Basic Attributes

Class

DRUG/TOX

Type

Laboratory

First Released

Version 1.0

Last Updated

Version 2.73 (MIN)

Order vs. Observation

Both

Common Test Rank Get Info

10267

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Related Names

• Blood
• DRUG/TOXICOLOGY
• Drugs
• Level
• Mass concentration
• Point in time
• QNT
• Quan
• Quant
• Quantitative
• Random
• TL
• WB
• Whole blood

Example Units

8245-3 Zinc [Mass/volume] in Blood

Part Descriptions

LP14795-6   Zinc
A metallic element (Zn, atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38) necessary in the diet. It constitutes an essential part of many enzymes, and plays an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with anemia, short stature, hypogonadism, impaired wound healing and geophagia. Source: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006

LP14795-6   Zinc
Zinc deficiency may be due to excess urine losses, especially in cirrhosis, hemolytic anemias, sickle cell disease, alcoholism, diabetes, or chronic renal diseases. Urine zinc levels are measured to evaluate therapy compliance in patients with Wilson's disease. Zinc is excreted mainly in feces, but elevated urine zinc levels may suggest excessive zinc supplementation.

Growth retardation, hypogonadism, skin changes, poor appetite, mental lethargy and delayed wound healing are some manifestations of chronic zinc deficiency. Severe deficiency may be life threatening in patients with acrodermatitis enteropathica. Source: Regenstrief Institute

Fully-Specified Name

Component

Zinc

Property

MCnc

Time

Pt

System

Bld

Scale

Qn

Method

Basic Attributes

Class

DRUG/TOX

Type

Laboratory

First Released

Version 1.0h(2)

Last Updated

Version 2.73 (MIN)

Order vs. Observation

Both

Common Test Rank Get Info

5883

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Related Names

• Blood
• DRUG/TOXICOLOGY
• Drugs
• Level
• Mass concentration
• Point in time
• QNT
• Quan
• Quant
• Quantitative
• Random
• WB
• Whole blood
• Zn

Example Units