882-1 ABO and Rh group [Type] in Blood

Part Descriptions

LP36683-8   ABO & Rh group
In 1900, Landsteiner observed that the red cells of some individuals were agglutinated by the serum of others and his detailed report a year later heralded the discovery of the first human blood groups. His limited experiments on laboratory colleagues demonstrated three distinct groups; his pupils Von Decastello and Sturli discovered a fourth group in 1902. It was 25 years before these groups were shown to be inherited as Mendelian characters by means of three allelomorphic genes A, B and O and were, in fact, entities of one blood group system. For most of medicine this was considered a meaningless curiosity, but for those involved with the early development of transfusions it was quickly noted that transfusion of blood only of the same group could mean the difference between a successful outcome or a fatality. While various nomenclatures have been used to describe these factors, it was internationally decided in the mid-1940's that the characteristics would be individually identified as A, B, AB and O and the blood group system know as ABO. Since that time there have been billions of tests preformed and almost as many publications describing various aspects and associations of this blood group systems or its allelic products. The genes controlling the ABO system are located on the long arm of chromosome 9 and encode for either an a (1-3) N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (for A) or a (1,3) galactosyltransferase (for B). These transferases incorporate immunodominant sugars (GalNAc for A; Gal for B) on to one of four different types of oligosaccharide chains (type 2 is predominant on red cells, type 1 is found in secretions, plasma and some tissue) carried on glycosphingolipid or glycoprotein molecules. The placement of the A and B antigens is dependent upon the existence of a substrate produced by the Hh blood group system (ISBT # 018). Some individuals have weakened or variant expression of A and/or B which can be attributed to inheritance of variant forms of transferases. Those individuals that have neither transferases, inheritors of two amorph genes, are group O. To date, 14 A alleles, 14 B alleles and 8 O alleles have been identified at the molecular level and more remain to be found. The ABO antigens, as stated above are not restricted to the red blood cell membrane but can be found in saliva and all body fluids except spinal fluid if the individual has inherited a secretor gene. The antigens are also found on most epithelial and endothelial cells. It also appears on lymphocytes and platelets as it is adsorbed from the plasma. Alterations of ABH expression have been found in various forms of cancer. Furthermore, antigens of the ABO system may play a role in resistance to bacteria or viruses. Source: Serum, Cells and Rare Fluid Exchange, ABO & Rh

Fully-Specified Name

Component

ABO & Rh group

Property

Type

Time

Pt

System

Bld

Scale

Nom

Method

Additional Names

Short Name

ABO + Rh Bld

Display Name

ABO and Rh group (Bld)

Consumer Name Alpha Get Info

ABO and Rh group, Blood

Basic Attributes

Class

BLDBK

Type

Laboratory

First Released

Version 1.0

Last Updated

Version 2.73

Order vs. Observation

Both

Common Test Rank Get Info

207

Preferred Answer List LL2972-9

Member of these Panels

Language Variants Get Info

Related Names

• ABO + Rh
• ABO group and Rh type
• ABO+Rh Gp
• Blood
• BLOOD BANK
• D phenotyping
• D typing
• Hematology
• Heme
• Nominal
• Point in time
• Random
• Rh phenotyping
• Rh typing
• Typ
• UniversalLabOrders
• WB
• Whole blood

Third Party Copyright

This material includes SNOMED Clinical Terms® (SNOMED CT®) which is used by permission of the International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation (IHTSDO) under license. All rights reserved. SNOMED CT® was originally created by The College of American Pathologists. "SNOMED" and "SNOMED CT" are registered trademarks of the IHTSDO.

This material includes content from the US Edition to SNOMED CT, which is developed and maintained by the U.S. National Library of Medicine and is available to authorized UMLS Metathesaurus Licensees from the UTS Downloads site at https://uts.nlm.nih.gov.

Use of SNOMED CT content is subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the SNOMED CT Affiliate License Agreement. It is the responsibility of those implementing this product to ensure they are appropriately licensed and for more information on the license, including how to register as an Affiliate Licensee, please refer to http://www.snomed.org/snomed-ct/get-snomed-ct or info@snomed.org<mailto:info@snomed.org>. This may incur a fee in SNOMED International non-Member countries.

883-9 ABO group [Type] in Blood

Part Descriptions

LP17806-8   ABO group
The ABO blood group antigens are encoded by one genetic locus, the ABO locus, which has three alternative forms: A, B, and O. A child receives one of these three forms from each parent, yielding six possible genotypes and four possible blood types (aka phenotypes: A, AB, B, O). ABO blood group antigens remain of prime importance in transfusion and transplantation medicine, and they are the most immunogenic of all the blood group antigens. ABO antibodies are of major clinical significance because they are naturally and universally occurring, and they are highly reactive. The distribution of the four phenotypes varies across the world - type O is the most common, followed by type A, then type B, and type AB is the least common. The ABO system is acknowledged in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular, infectious and neoplastic disorders, and pre-eclampsia. H antigen deficiency is known as the "Bombay phenotype" and is found in 1 in 10,000 people in India and 1 in 1 million people in Europe. [NCBI Books:NBK2267] PMID: 27177402[NCBI Books:NBK2264] Source: Regenstrief LOINC

Fully-Specified Name

Component

ABO group

Property

Type

Time

Pt

System

Bld

Scale

Nom

Method

Additional Names

Short Name

ABO Group Bld

Display Name

ABO group (Bld)

Consumer Name Alpha Get Info

ABO group, Blood

Basic Attributes

Class

BLDBK

Type

Laboratory

First Released

Version 1.0

Last Updated

Version 2.73

Order vs. Observation

Both

Common Test Rank Get Info

617

Preferred Answer List LL2419-1

Member of these Panels

Language Variants Get Info

Related Names

• Blood
• BLOOD BANK
• Hematology
• Heme
• Nominal
• Point in time
• Random
• Typ
• UniversalLabOrders
• WB
• Whole blood

Third Party Copyright

This material includes SNOMED Clinical Terms® (SNOMED CT®) which is used by permission of the International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation (IHTSDO) under license. All rights reserved. SNOMED CT® was originally created by The College of American Pathologists. "SNOMED" and "SNOMED CT" are registered trademarks of the IHTSDO.

This material includes content from the US Edition to SNOMED CT, which is developed and maintained by the U.S. National Library of Medicine and is available to authorized UMLS Metathesaurus Licensees from the UTS Downloads site at https://uts.nlm.nih.gov.

Use of SNOMED CT content is subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the SNOMED CT Affiliate License Agreement. It is the responsibility of those implementing this product to ensure they are appropriately licensed and for more information on the license, including how to register as an Affiliate Licensee, please refer to http://www.snomed.org/snomed-ct/get-snomed-ct or info@snomed.org<mailto:info@snomed.org>. This may incur a fee in SNOMED International non-Member countries.

884-7 ABO and Rh group [Type] in Capillary blood

Part Descriptions

LP36683-8   ABO & Rh group
In 1900, Landsteiner observed that the red cells of some individuals were agglutinated by the serum of others and his detailed report a year later heralded the discovery of the first human blood groups. His limited experiments on laboratory colleagues demonstrated three distinct groups; his pupils Von Decastello and Sturli discovered a fourth group in 1902. It was 25 years before these groups were shown to be inherited as Mendelian characters by means of three allelomorphic genes A, B and O and were, in fact, entities of one blood group system. For most of medicine this was considered a meaningless curiosity, but for those involved with the early development of transfusions it was quickly noted that transfusion of blood only of the same group could mean the difference between a successful outcome or a fatality. While various nomenclatures have been used to describe these factors, it was internationally decided in the mid-1940's that the characteristics would be individually identified as A, B, AB and O and the blood group system know as ABO. Since that time there have been billions of tests preformed and almost as many publications describing various aspects and associations of this blood group systems or its allelic products. The genes controlling the ABO system are located on the long arm of chromosome 9 and encode for either an a (1-3) N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (for A) or a (1,3) galactosyltransferase (for B). These transferases incorporate immunodominant sugars (GalNAc for A; Gal for B) on to one of four different types of oligosaccharide chains (type 2 is predominant on red cells, type 1 is found in secretions, plasma and some tissue) carried on glycosphingolipid or glycoprotein molecules. The placement of the A and B antigens is dependent upon the existence of a substrate produced by the Hh blood group system (ISBT # 018). Some individuals have weakened or variant expression of A and/or B which can be attributed to inheritance of variant forms of transferases. Those individuals that have neither transferases, inheritors of two amorph genes, are group O. To date, 14 A alleles, 14 B alleles and 8 O alleles have been identified at the molecular level and more remain to be found. The ABO antigens, as stated above are not restricted to the red blood cell membrane but can be found in saliva and all body fluids except spinal fluid if the individual has inherited a secretor gene. The antigens are also found on most epithelial and endothelial cells. It also appears on lymphocytes and platelets as it is adsorbed from the plasma. Alterations of ABH expression have been found in various forms of cancer. Furthermore, antigens of the ABO system may play a role in resistance to bacteria or viruses. Source: Serum, Cells and Rare Fluid Exchange, ABO & Rh

Fully-Specified Name

Component

ABO & Rh group

Property

Type

Time

Pt

System

BldC

Scale

Nom

Method

Additional Names

Short Name

ABO + Rh BldC

Display Name

ABO and Rh group (BldC)

Consumer Name Alpha Get Info

ABO and Rh group, Blood

Basic Attributes

Class

BLDBK

Type

Laboratory

First Released

Version 1.0

Last Updated

Version 2.72

Order vs. Observation

Both

Preferred Answer List LL2972-9

Member of these Panels

Language Variants Get Info

Related Names

• ABO + Rh
• ABO group and Rh type
• ABO+Rh Gp
• Blood - capillary
• BLOOD BANK
• Cap bld
• Cap blood
• Capillary bld
• Capillary blood
• D phenotyping
• D typing
• Finger stick
• Hematology
• Heme
• Nominal
• Point in time
• Random
• Rh phenotyping
• Rh typing
• Typ

Third Party Copyright

This material includes SNOMED Clinical Terms® (SNOMED CT®) which is used by permission of the International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation (IHTSDO) under license. All rights reserved. SNOMED CT® was originally created by The College of American Pathologists. "SNOMED" and "SNOMED CT" are registered trademarks of the IHTSDO.

This material includes content from the US Edition to SNOMED CT, which is developed and maintained by the U.S. National Library of Medicine and is available to authorized UMLS Metathesaurus Licensees from the UTS Downloads site at https://uts.nlm.nih.gov.

Use of SNOMED CT content is subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the SNOMED CT Affiliate License Agreement. It is the responsibility of those implementing this product to ensure they are appropriately licensed and for more information on the license, including how to register as an Affiliate Licensee, please refer to http://www.snomed.org/snomed-ct/get-snomed-ct or info@snomed.org<mailto:info@snomed.org>. This may incur a fee in SNOMED International non-Member countries.

972-0 Weak D Ag [Presence] on Red Blood Cells

Fully-Specified Name

Component

Weak D Ag

Property

PrThr

Time

Pt

System

RBC

Scale

Ord

Method

Additional Names

Short Name

Weak D Ag RBC Ql

Display Name

Weak D Ag Ql (RBC)

Consumer Name Alpha Get Info

Weak D antigen, Red blood cells

Basic Attributes

Class

BLDBK

Type

Laboratory

First Released

Version 1.0

Last Updated

Version 2.73

Change Reason

Release 2.70: COMPONENT: Corrected Component from "D little u Ag" per current nomenclature; Previous Releases: The PrThr property is used for LOINC terms whose results are reported using an ordered categorical scale, regardless of whether or not an internal threshold was used to make that determination. This change was approved by the Laboratory LOINC Committee in June 2016.

Order vs. Observation

Both

Common Test Rank Get Info

4556

Member of these Panels

Language Variants Get Info

Related Names

• Antigen
• Antigens
• BLOOD BANK
• Dextro
• Erythrocytes
• Hematology
• Heme
• Ordinal
• Point in time
• PR
• QL
• Qual
• Qualitative
• Random
• Red blood cells
• Red blood corpusles
• Rh
• Rhesus
• Screen

978-7 D Ag [Presence] on Red Blood Cells

Fully-Specified Name

Component

D Ag

Property

PrThr

Time

Pt

System

RBC

Scale

Ord

Method

Additional Names

Short Name

D Ag RBC Ql

Display Name

D Ag Ql (RBC)

Consumer Name Alpha Get Info

D antigen, Red blood cells

Basic Attributes

Class

BLDBK

Type

Laboratory

First Released

Version 1.0

Last Updated

Version 2.73

Change Reason

The PrThr property is used for LOINC terms whose results are reported using an ordered categorical scale, regardless of whether or not an internal threshold was used to make that determination. This change was approved by the Laboratory LOINC Committee in June 2016.

Order vs. Observation

Both

Common Test Rank Get Info

8789

Member of these Panels

Language Variants Get Info

Related Names

• Antigen
• Antigens
• BLOOD BANK
• Dextro
• Erythrocytes
• Hematology
• Heme
• Ordinal
• Point in time
• PR
• QL
• Qual
• Qualitative
• Random
• Red blood cells
• Red blood corpusles
• Rh
• Rhesus
• Screen

1305-2 D Ag [Presence] in Blood

Fully-Specified Name

Component

D Ag

Property

PrThr

Time

Pt

System

Bld

Scale

Ord

Method

Additional Names

Short Name

D Ag Bld Ql

Display Name

D Ag Ql (Bld)

Consumer Name Alpha Get Info

D antigen, Blood

Basic Attributes

Class

BLDBK

Type

Laboratory

First Released

Version 1.0

Last Updated

Version 2.73

Change Reason

The PrThr property is used for LOINC terms whose results are reported using an ordered categorical scale, regardless of whether or not an internal threshold was used to make that determination. This change was approved by the Laboratory LOINC Committee in June 2016.

Order vs. Observation

Observation

Common Test Rank Get Info

2932

Member of these Panels

Language Variants Get Info

Related Names

• Antigen
• Antigens
• Blood
• BLOOD BANK
• Dextro
• Hematology
• Heme
• Ordinal
• Point in time
• PR
• QL
• Qual
• Qualitative
• Random
• Rh
• Rhesus
• Screen
• WB
• Whole blood

10331-7 Rh [Type] in Blood

Part Descriptions

LP14541-4   Rh
Rh is the most complex of the blood groups systems, encompassing over 45 distinct antigens. The most clinical important antigen, D or Rho, was first described in 1940 and is present in over 85% of the population. Those individuals who lack the D antigen are considered to be Rh negative.
The Rh antigens are encoded by two highly homologous and closely linked genes on the short arm of chromosome 1. The RHD gene codes for the D antigen, or most of its components; RhCE gene codes the Cc and Ee antigens or their variants. The majority of the antigens within this system represent products of gene cross-over, point mutations or deletions within one or both genes.
The Rh antigens appear to be expressed only on red blood cell and they appear early during red cell development. Antibodies against the Rh antigens have caused severe and fatal transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the newborn. Rh antigens have been implicated in many diseases such as auto-immune hemolytic anemia, auto-Rh antibodies. Collect: One 4 mL green (sodium or lithium heparin) or serum separator tube. Also acceptable: lavender or pink (EDTA). Source: Serum, Cells and Rare Fluid Exchange, Rh

Fully-Specified Name

Component

Rh

Property

Type

Time

Pt

System

Bld

Scale

Nom

Method

Additional Names

Short Name

Rh Bld

Display Name

Rh Nom (Bld)

Consumer Name Alpha Get Info

Rh, Blood

Basic Attributes

Class

BLDBK

Type

Laboratory

First Released

Version 1.0i

Last Updated

Version 2.73

Order vs. Observation

Both

Common Test Rank Get Info

553

Example Answer List LL360-9

Member of these Panels

Language Variants Get Info

Related Names

• Blood
• BLOOD BANK
• D phenotyping
• D typing
• Hematology
• Heme
• Nominal
• Point in time
• Random
• Rh phenotyping
• Rh typing
• Typ
• UniversalLabOrders
• WB
• Whole blood

Third Party Copyright

This material includes SNOMED Clinical Terms® (SNOMED CT®) which is used by permission of the International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation (IHTSDO) under license. All rights reserved. SNOMED CT® was originally created by The College of American Pathologists. "SNOMED" and "SNOMED CT" are registered trademarks of the IHTSDO.

This material includes content from the US Edition to SNOMED CT, which is developed and maintained by the U.S. National Library of Medicine and is available to authorized UMLS Metathesaurus Licensees from the UTS Downloads site at https://uts.nlm.nih.gov.

Use of SNOMED CT content is subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the SNOMED CT Affiliate License Agreement. It is the responsibility of those implementing this product to ensure they are appropriately licensed and for more information on the license, including how to register as an Affiliate Licensee, please refer to http://www.snomed.org/snomed-ct/get-snomed-ct or info@snomed.org<mailto:info@snomed.org>. This may incur a fee in SNOMED International non-Member countries.

34961-3 Rh [Type] in Blood by Confirmatory method

Part Descriptions

LP14541-4   Rh
Rh is the most complex of the blood groups systems, encompassing over 45 distinct antigens. The most clinical important antigen, D or Rho, was first described in 1940 and is present in over 85% of the population. Those individuals who lack the D antigen are considered to be Rh negative.
The Rh antigens are encoded by two highly homologous and closely linked genes on the short arm of chromosome 1. The RHD gene codes for the D antigen, or most of its components; RhCE gene codes the Cc and Ee antigens or their variants. The majority of the antigens within this system represent products of gene cross-over, point mutations or deletions within one or both genes.
The Rh antigens appear to be expressed only on red blood cell and they appear early during red cell development. Antibodies against the Rh antigens have caused severe and fatal transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the newborn. Rh antigens have been implicated in many diseases such as auto-immune hemolytic anemia, auto-Rh antibodies. Collect: One 4 mL green (sodium or lithium heparin) or serum separator tube. Also acceptable: lavender or pink (EDTA). Source: Serum, Cells and Rare Fluid Exchange, Rh

Fully-Specified Name

Component

Rh

Property

Type

Time

Pt

System

Bld

Scale

Nom

Method

Confirm

Additional Names

Short Name

Rh Bld Cfm

Display Name

Rh Confirm Nom (Bld)

Consumer Name Alpha Get Info

Rh, Blood

Basic Attributes

Class

BLDBK

Type

Laboratory

First Released

Version 2.11

Last Updated

Version 2.73

Order vs. Observation

Observation

Common Test Rank Get Info

677

Member of these Panels

Language Variants Get Info

Related Names

• Blood
• BLOOD BANK
• Cfm
• CNFR
• CNFRM
• Conf
• Confirmation
• Confirmatory
• D phenotyping
• D typing
• GCMS
• Hematology
• Heme
• LC/MS/MS
• Nominal
• Point in time
• Random
• Rh phenotyping
• Rh typing
• Typ
• WB
• Whole blood

57743-7 ABO group [Type] in Blood by Confirmatory method

Part Descriptions

LP17806-8   ABO group
The ABO blood group antigens are encoded by one genetic locus, the ABO locus, which has three alternative forms: A, B, and O. A child receives one of these three forms from each parent, yielding six possible genotypes and four possible blood types (aka phenotypes: A, AB, B, O). ABO blood group antigens remain of prime importance in transfusion and transplantation medicine, and they are the most immunogenic of all the blood group antigens. ABO antibodies are of major clinical significance because they are naturally and universally occurring, and they are highly reactive. The distribution of the four phenotypes varies across the world - type O is the most common, followed by type A, then type B, and type AB is the least common. The ABO system is acknowledged in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular, infectious and neoplastic disorders, and pre-eclampsia. H antigen deficiency is known as the "Bombay phenotype" and is found in 1 in 10,000 people in India and 1 in 1 million people in Europe. [NCBI Books:NBK2267] PMID: 27177402[NCBI Books:NBK2264] Source: Regenstrief LOINC

Fully-Specified Name

Component

ABO group

Property

Type

Time

Pt

System

Bld

Scale

Nom

Method

Confirm

Additional Names

Short Name

ABO Group Bld Cfm

Display Name

ABO group Confirm (Bld)

Consumer Name Alpha Get Info

ABO group, Blood

Basic Attributes

Class

BLDBK

Type

Laboratory

First Released

Version 2.29

Last Updated

Version 2.73

Order vs. Observation

Both

Common Test Rank Get Info

5148

Preferred Answer List LL2419-1

Member of these Panels

Language Variants Get Info

Related Names

• Blood
• BLOOD BANK
• Cfm
• CNFR
• CNFRM
• Conf
• Confirmation
• Confirmatory
• GCMS
• Hematology
• Heme
• LC/MS/MS
• Nominal
• Point in time
• Random
• Typ
• WB
• Whole blood

Third Party Copyright

This material includes SNOMED Clinical Terms® (SNOMED CT®) which is used by permission of the International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation (IHTSDO) under license. All rights reserved. SNOMED CT® was originally created by The College of American Pathologists. "SNOMED" and "SNOMED CT" are registered trademarks of the IHTSDO.

This material includes content from the US Edition to SNOMED CT, which is developed and maintained by the U.S. National Library of Medicine and is available to authorized UMLS Metathesaurus Licensees from the UTS Downloads site at https://uts.nlm.nih.gov.

Use of SNOMED CT content is subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the SNOMED CT Affiliate License Agreement. It is the responsibility of those implementing this product to ensure they are appropriately licensed and for more information on the license, including how to register as an Affiliate Licensee, please refer to http://www.snomed.org/snomed-ct/get-snomed-ct or info@snomed.org<mailto:info@snomed.org>. This may incur a fee in SNOMED International non-Member countries.