LOINC Release Notes

This section last updated: 2022-02-16 (3 months ago)

Version 2.72, February 2022

Table of contents:

• LOINC table core
• LOINC table
• Answer lists
• Change snapshot
• Consumer names
• Document ontology
• Document ontology OWL
• Groups
• Imaging document codes
• Linguistic variants
• LOINC/IEEE medical device code mapping table
• LOINC/RSNA radiology playbook
• LOINC Universal lab orders value set
• Multiaxial hierarchy
• Panels and forms
• Parts
• Updates

LOINC table core

There were no structural changes to the core table in this release, and no future changes to announce at this time. See the Readme included in the LOINC Table Core download file for information about its current file structure.

See the LOINC table notes below for information on content updates included in this release.

LOINC table

Numbers

New terms and totals by type

Totals by Status

Term Status changes

Edits by change type

New content highlights

SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19

During this release cycle we continued to prioritize creating LOINC terms and other resources related to SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 testing, clinical care, documentation, and reporting. We continued to work closely with the CDC, FDA, APHL, laboratories, IVD manufacturers, and other stakeholders to create LOINC content for SARS-CoV-2 laboratory tests.

LOINC terms related to SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 testing, ask-at-order entry questions, case reporting, clinical documentation, and surveys can be found on a dedicated webpage that supports downloads of filtered subsets of these terms (https://loinc.org/sars-cov-2-and-covid-19/). This page includes both released and pre-release terms and is updated as soon as new terms or term edits are made.

A separate page provides guidance for choosing LOINCs for SARS-CoV-2 testing and general FAQs (https://loinc.org/sars-coronavirus-2).

New laboratory content highlights

• Over 150 new microbiology terms, 14 of which are related to the pandemic virus, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Many others created to support specialized microorganism testing by the CDC, as well as a urinary tract pathogens PCR panel
• 70 new chemistry, including the new estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) terms based on the CKD-EPI 2021 Creatinine-based and Creatinine+Cystatin C-based formulas, an additional term for continuous glucose monitoring, and others
• 70 new allergy terms for the measurement of IgG and IgG4 levels for various allergens
• 60+ new urine analysis terms, primarily for studies performed on urine sediment specimens
• Over 40 new drug/toxicology terms for testing performed on various specimens
• Over 30 terms in pathology class, primarily related to postmortem measurements
• 35+ new molecular genetic tests, including several multigene studies for cancer, hearing loss, hereditary thrombocytopenia and various other conditions
• 18 new terms in serology, including panels for dysautonomia antibody detection and monitoring antiadalimumab therapy

New clinical content highlights

• 33 new radiology procedures, including terms for slot radiography, cone beam CT, MR tractography, elastography and A-scan ultrasounds
• Over 100 neurology terms predominately related to muscle activity, and sensory nerve conduction and action
• 35 new dialysis-related terms
• 26 terms for pacemakers
• 140 new ophthalmology terms for phoropter measurements, as well as 36 vision related terms
• Ongoing work with the Gender Harmony Project has resulted in several new trial terms which will be finalized as that committee completes recommendations

New survey content

• Five COVID-19 related panels: Educational Impact Due to COVID-19 (99825-2), COVID-19 Health Questions (99357-6), COVID-19 Comorbidity and Healthcare Questionnaire (98871-7), COVID-19 Related Household Finances (98889-9) and COVID-19 Knowledge, Attitudes, and Avoidant Behaviors (99673-6)
• Pain related survey instruments: Mainz Pain Staging System (99934-2), Checklist of Nonverbal Pain Indicators (99287-5)
• SDOH instruments: AAFP's Social Needs Screening Tool and short form (99593-6 and 99595-1, respectively), Children's Health Watch Housing Stability Vital Signs (98975-6), Health Leads (99549-8)
• Orthopedic survey instruments: Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale (99583-7), Tegner Activity Scale (99283-4), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (98915-2), Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (98945-9)
• Nursing value set: Perioperative nursing data set (PNDS) outcomes set (100017-3)
• CMS long-term and post-acute care (LTPAC) assessment: Outcome and assessment information set (OASIS) version E forms to be performed after January 1, 2023 (99130-7)

Term edit highlights

Changes based on internal review or as part of an ongoing project

• Harmonized the naming model for terms representing studies
• For studies detecting neutralizing antibodies, updated "Ab" to "Ab.Neut" in the Component
• Removed the Method from several terms that represent generic concepts to allow broader use
• Updated several sets of terms from TRIAL to ACTIVE status

Changes based on community input

• Corrected the example units and example UCUM units for several terms related to metabolic activity
• Corrected several minor typos in Components and display names
• Updated the Required (R) value to Optional (O) in the Conditionality field for several panels and/or added additional children to allow for broader use

Source Organization

LOINC version 2.72 contains copyrighted content that is used with permission from the organizations documented in the SourceOrganization table. Users of this content must follow the copyright holders' terms of use.

Change to the LOINC Table structure in this release

None

Changes to the LOINC Table structure planned for August 2022

Field Name: EXAMPLE_SI_UCUM_UNITS

Formal Definition: The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. (www.unitsofmeasure.org) This field contains example units of measures for this term expressed as SI UCUM units.

Action: DELETE

Discussion: The UCUM standard contains both SI and non-SI units, and a single unit is either one or the other. A single LOINC Property will match with a specific set of UCUM units, in some cases SI and in some cases non-SI. These units are already provided in the EXAMPLE_UCUM_UNITS field and do not require a separate field. The EXAMPLE_SI_UCUM_UNITS field was emptied in the June 2021 release and will be deleted from the database on or after the August 2022 release.

Field Name: UnitsAndRange

Formal Definition: Units of measure (expressed using UCUM units) and normal ranges for physical quantities and survey scores. Intended as tailorable starter sets for applications that use LOINC forms as a way to capture data. Units are separated from normal ranges by a colon (:) and sets of unit:normal range pairs are separated by a semi-colon (;). Syntax for the normal range includes square brackets, which mean that the number adjacent to the bracket is included, and parentheses, which means that the number itself is not included. For example, [2,4] means “two to four”, while [2,4) means “two to less than four” and (2,4) means “between two and four but does not include two and four”.

Action: DELETE

Discussion: This field is sparsely populated and has not been maintained over time, primarily because reference ranges can vary between laboratories based on population characteristics and other factors. This field was emptied in the June 2021 release and will be deleted from the database on or after the August 2022 release.

Field Name: SUBMITTED_UNITS

Formal Definition: Units as received from person who requested this LOINC term

Action: DELETE

Discussion: For the last several years we have included the submitted units in the EXAMPLE_UNITS field, and the SUBMITTED_UNITS field has not been consistently populated since 2012. This field was emptied in the June 2021 release and will be deleted from the database on or after the August 2022 release.

Field Name: CDISC_COMMON_TESTS

Formal Definition: "Y" in this field means that the term is a part of a subset of terms used by CDISC clinical trials.

Action: DELETE

Discussion: The CDISC_COMMON_TESTS field has not been maintained over time and has not been populated for any LOINC terms created since 2011. This field was emptied in the June 2021 release and will be deleted from the database on or after the August 2022 release.

See Appendix A in the LOINC Users' Guide for the current LOINC table structure.

Answer Lists

See the ReadMe included in the Answer File download for information about its current file structure.

This release contains all of the answer lists associated with any LOINC term published in the current release. There have been no changes other than the addition of new content since the last release.

Change Snapshot

See the ReadMe included in the Change Snapshot download for information about its current file structure.

The LoincChangeSnapshot file contains all terms that had a change in Status between LOINC version 2.71 and version 2.72, such as from TRIAL to ACTIVE. It does not contain terms that were newly added in 2.72. In the future, this file will likely contain other types of term changes in addition to Status changes.

The PartChangeSnapshot file contains all of the Parts that had a change in Status between LOINC version 2.71 and version 2.72, such as from ACTIVE to DEPRECATED or ACTIVE to INACTIVE (see ReadMe for Status definitions). In the future, this file may contain other types of Part changes in addition to Status changes.

Consumer Names - Alpha

See the ReadMe included in the Consumer Name download for information about its current file structure.

This release of the Consumer names file remains at Alpha pre-production status. It contains Consumer names for all Type 1 (Laboratory) and a subset of Type 2 (Clinical) terms in LOINC. The Consumer Names are created algorithmically based on the set of primary rules documented in the associated ReadMe notes.

Consumer Names are intended for downstream display only and are not intended to be used at any point in the clinical workflow, or for the purpose of mapping local terms to LOINC. Their use case includes consumer-facing health and wellness applications that use LOINC to encode the underlying data.

We welcome user feedback about these names.

Document Ontology

See the ReadMe included in the Document Ontology download for information about its current file structure.

During this release cycle, the Clinical LOINC Document Ontology Subcommittee approved a new subject matter domain value for "Hospice care", had a number of discussions covering Progress note types and began a discussion on the modeling of Synoptic reports, which will be continued during the next cycle. LOINC users will find 15 new document types in release 2.72, including the Hospice care note and notes covering telehealth, obstetrics midwife notes and others.

Document ontology OWL - Alpha

See the ReadMe included in the Document Ontology OWL download for information about its current file structure.

The Document Ontology OWL file released with LOINC version 2.72 includes all the changes and additions to LOINC documents and document ontology values in a format that allows navigation of document axis hierarchies and exchange as a formal ontology. It continues at Alpha status, meaning that it is part of a testing process, and the LOINC team continues to welcome comments regarding its usability and content.

Groups - Beta

See the ReadMe included in the Group File download for information about its current file structure.

This release of the Group File remains at Beta pre-production status. We received no significant public comments about its contents, structure, or utility that we would have used as the basis for incrementing its maturity level or conceptualization. If you are using this file and have feedback (good or bad), please contact us at https://loinc.org/contact.

Imaging Document Codes

See the ReadMe included in the Imaging Document download for information about its current file structure and query used to generate the set of LOINC codes.‌

There have been no changes other than the addition of new content since the last release.

Linguistic Variants

See the ReadMe included in the Linguistic Variants download for information about its current file structure.

Two new linguistic variants, Spanish (Mexico) and Polish (Poland) have been introduced in LOINC version 2.72.

Updated linguistic variants are generally based on the previous release version (i.e., LOINC version 2.71 is translated for inclusion in the 2.72 release).

Updated content for the LOINC 2.72 release has been provided by the translation for the following linguistic variants:

• zh_CN_5 Chinese (CHINA)
• es_MS_28 Spanish (MEXICO)
• es_ES_12 Spanish (SPAIN)
• pl_PL_29 Polish (POLISH)
• fr_CA_8 French (CANADA)
• nl_NL_22 Dutch (NETHERLANDS)
• it_IT_16 Italian (ITALY)
• de_DE_15 German (GERMANY)

The table below shows the LOINC version when each linguistic variant included in this release was last updated.

Please note that some term translations are based on the translation of Parts. For such translations, even if no additional Part translations were provided by the producer, the number of translated terms may vary from release to release because new LOINC terms using previously translated Parts will also be included, and old LOINC terms that have been updated to use untranslated Parts will be excluded.

LOINC IEEE Medical Device Code Mapping Table

See the ReadMe included in the LOINC IEEE Medical Device Code Mapping Table download for information about its current file structure.

There have been no changes to the structure or contents of this file since the LOINC 2.67 release in December 2019.

LOINC RSNA Radiology Playbook

See the ReadMe included in the LOINC RSNA Radiology Playbook download for information about its current file structure.

There have been no changes other than the addition of new content since the last release. Several new subtype modalities were added, including slot radiography, cone beam CT, tractography, elastography and A-scan ultrasound.

The mappings to and content from the RSNA Playbook are based on version 2.4 of that terminology, and Radiology Part mappings are based on RadLex version 4.1 and pre-release 4.2.

We are still seeking feedback on the usefulness of the PartSequenceOrder field from anybody who is utilizing this file to help inform our future efforts, e.g., whether we should remove this field.

Known issues:

Parsing issue for terms with multiple Aggregation or View type values in which one or more values is not being assigned the correct PartSequenceOrder value. We plan to address the parsing procedure in a future release if necessary, depending on whether users find this field useful (see request for feedback above).

A few outstanding cases for LOINC Radiology Parts without mappings to RadLex RIDs exists. We plan to review these with RSNA and add mappings, as appropriate, in a future release.

Terms with XXX (meaning Unspecified) as the Region Imaged without an Imaging focus do not have an Anatomy attribute (Region imaged or Imaging focus) represented in the file. The LOINC/RSNA Committee is reviewing the representation of XXX without a specified imaging focus in the LOINC/RSNA model to determine how the Anatomy should be represented.

LOINC Universal Lab Orders Value Set

See the ReadMe included in the LOINC Universal Lab Orders Value Set download for information about its current file structure.

There have been no changes to this file since the last release.

Multiaxial Hierarchy

See the ReadMe included in the Multiaxial Hierarchy download for information about its current file structure.

There have been no changes other than the addition of new content since the last release.

Panels and Forms

See the ReadMe included in the Panels and Forms download for information about its current file structure.

There have been no changes to this file other than the addition of new content since the last release.

Parts

See the ReadMe included in the Part File download for information about its current file structure.

This file contains all of the parts associated with any LOINC term published in the current release. Note that it does not contain Multiaxial parts that are used to organize terms in the Multiaxial hierarchy.

There have been no changes to this file other than the addition of new content since the last release.

Updates

See the ReadMe included in the Updates download for information about its current file structure.

For this release and going forward, the CHANGE_REASON_PUBLIC and STATUS_TEXT fields will no longer be considered when determining if a LOINC term has been updated because they contain information for users about term edits but are not directly related to the attributes of a term.

There have been no changes to this file other than the addition of new content since the last release.